Frugal innovation—also called “Jugaad” innovation—is about solving problems with limited resources, creativity, and simplicity. It’s especially useful in startups, developing economies, or during downturns when efficiency is critical.

Principles of frugal innovation:

1. Do more with less
Create maximum value with minimal input. This could mean:

• Using off-the-shelf components
• Reimagining waste as raw material
• Repurposing existing tech for new uses

2. Focus on core needs
Strip products down to essentials. Eliminate features customers don’t really use or need. Functionality and affordability beat perfection.

3. Collaborate locally
Tap into informal labor, local expertise, or grassroots networks. Often, solutions already exist—just not in commercialized form.

4. Test fast, iterate fast
Build MVPs, test in real settings, gather feedback, and refine quickly. Avoid expensive R&D or long development cycles.

5. Be constraint-driven, not resource-driven
Constraints inspire creativity. Necessity often leads to breakthroughs.

Examples include:

• Low-cost medical devices built from recycled parts
• DIY irrigation kits for small farmers
• Mobile apps that work offline for rural areas

Frugal innovation isn’t about cutting corners—it’s about building clever, resilient, affordable solutions that truly meet user needs.